Scapegoating in the Macro: Civilizations

**Lesson Summary: Understanding the Origins of Scapegoating and the Scapegoating Process**

This lesson explores the concept of scapegoating as a recurring social and political phenomenon throughout history. Learners will examine the origins of scapegoating, tracing its roots to psychological and societal needs for attributing blame during times of crisis or uncertainty. The lesson will highlight how scapegoating serves as a mechanism for unifying groups, diverting responsibility, and reinforcing power structures.

Using a historical case study, students will analyze the varying roles in the scapegoating process, including the scapegoaters (those who assign blame), the scapegoated (those who are unfairly blamed), and bystanders (those who either reinforce or challenge the process). Discussions will focus on the consequences of scapegoating, its impact on marginalized groups, and strategies for recognizing and preventing scapegoating in modern societies. Through critical analysis and reflection, students will develop a deeper understanding of how scapegoating has shaped civilizations and continues to influence societal dynamics today.

A **task card** accompanies each learning activity, providing clear directions, objectives, and guiding questions to help learners engage meaningfully with the task. Each task card typically includes the following:

  • Activity Instructions: A step-by-step guide on how to complete the task.

  • Learning Objectives: A brief statement of the goals students should achieve.

  • Key Questions: Thought-provoking prompts to encourage critical thinking and discussion.

  • Required Materials: A list of needed readings, tools, or resources.

  • Reflection/Extension: A follow-up task or discussion point to deepen understanding.

Using task cards gives learners a clear framework for participation, promoting independent learning, engagement, and structured collaboration.